Malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, ma chain chain logistics amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana.Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera kumayendedwe opangira, makamaka amaphatikiza mitundu iwiri:
Yoyamba ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya "foam box + cold bag", yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "package cold chain", yomwe imadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito phukusi lokha kuti lipange malo ang'onoang'ono oyenera kusungirako zinthu zatsopano.Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti zinthu zomwe zapakidwa zimatha kugawidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yanthawi zonse yoyendetsera kutentha, ndipo mtengo wazinthu zonse ndizotsika.
Njira yachiwiri ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lazitsulo lozizira lozizira, ndiko kuti, kuchokera kumalo ozizira ozizira pa chiyambi mpaka kuperekedwa kwa kasitomala womaliza, maulalo onse opangira zinthu ali m'malo otsika kutentha kuti atsimikizire unyolo wopitirira wa unyolo wozizira.Munjira iyi, kutentha kwa unyolo wonse wozizira kuyenera kuyendetsedwa, komwe kumatchedwa "kuzizira kwa chilengedwe".Komabe, zofunika pa dongosolo lonse ozizira chain Logistics ndi okwera kwambiri, n'kovuta kugwiritsa ntchito wamba Logistics dongosolo ntchito, ndipo zonse mtengo ntchito ndi wokwera.
Koma ziribe kanthu kuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe ili pamwambayi yozizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, zida za thovu zomwe zimatha kutentha, zotchingira kutentha, kutulutsa kunjenjemera komanso kubisalira zimatha kuwonedwa ngati zida zabwino.
Pakalipano, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazitsulo zozizira ndi zoyendetsa ndi polyurethane thovu, polypropylene thovu ndi polystyrene thovu.Ma trailer, zotengera zafiriji ndi zosungirako zozizira zimapezekanso kulikonse.
Polystyrene thovu (EPS)
EPS ndi polima wopepuka.Chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika, ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ndi thovu pagawo lonse lazonyamula, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 60%.Utoto wa polystyrene umapangidwa powonjezera chopangira thovu kudzera mu njira zokulitsa, kuchiritsa, kuumba, kuyanika ndi kudula.Mapangidwe otsekedwa a EPS amatsimikizira kuti ali ndi kutsekemera kwabwino kwamafuta, ndipo kutsekemera kwamafuta kumakhala kochepa kwambiri.Thermal conductivity of EPS board of different specifications is between 0.024W/mK~0.041W/mK Imakhala ndi kusungidwa bwino kwa kutentha ndi kuzizira kosungirako pamayendedwe.
Komabe, monga zinthu zopangira thermoplastic, EPS imasungunuka ikatenthedwa ndikukhala yolimba ikazizira, ndipo kutentha kwake kwa kutentha kumakhala pafupi ndi 70 ° C, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma incubator a EPS opangidwa kukhala thovu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa 70 ° C.Ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu Pa 70 ° C, mphamvu ya bokosi idzachepetsedwa, ndipo zinthu zoopsa zidzapangidwa chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa styrene.Chifukwa chake, zinyalala za EPS sizingawonongeke mwachilengedwe ndipo sizingatenthedwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, kulimba kwa ma incubators a EPS sikwabwino kwambiri, magwiridwe antchito amakhalanso pafupifupi, ndipo ndiosavuta kuonongeka panthawi yamayendedwe, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa, kozizira kwakutali. mayendedwe, ndi mafakitale azakudya monga nyama ndi nkhuku.Ma tray ndi zida zoyikamo za chakudya chofulumira.Moyo wautumiki wa zinthuzi nthawi zambiri umakhala waufupi, pafupifupi 50% yazinthu zopangidwa ndi thovu la polystyrene zimakhala ndi moyo wautumiki wazaka 2 zokha, ndipo 97% yazinthu zopangidwa ndi thovu la polystyrene zimakhala ndi moyo wautumiki wazaka zosakwana 10, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwonjezeko chiwonjezeke. kuchuluka kwa EPS thovu zinyalala chaka ndi chaka, koma EPS thovu si kophweka kuwola ndi kukonzanso, kotero pakali pano ndi vuto lalikulu la kuipitsa woyera: EPS nkhani zoposa 60% ya zinyalala zoyera zoipitsidwa mu nyanja!Ndipo monga zinthu zopangira ma EPS, ambiri mwa HCFC otulutsa thovu amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga thovu, ndipo zinthu zambiri zimakhala ndi fungo.Mphamvu yakutha kwa ozoni ya ma HCFC ndi kuwirikiza ka 1,000 kuposa mpweya woipa.Chifukwa chake, kuyambira m'ma 2010, United Nations, United States, European Union, China, South Korea, Japan, ndi mayiko ena oyenerera (mabungwe) ndi zigawo adakhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kapena kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki osagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kuphatikiza thovu la polystyrene. , ndipo Anthu adakakamiza "njira yowongolera".
Chithovu cholimba cha polyurethane (PU Foam)
PU Foam ndi ma polima apamwamba kwambiri opangidwa ndi isocyanate ndi polyether monga zida zazikulu zopangira, motsogozedwa ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana monga zopangira thovu, zopangira, zoletsa moto, ndi zina zotere, zosakanikirana ndi zida zapadera, ndikupukutidwa ndi thovu pamalopo kupopera mphamvu.Imakhala ndi zotsekemera zotsekemera komanso zosagwira madzi, ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yotsika kwambiri yamafuta pakati pa zida zonse zotchinjiriza pakali pano.
Komabe, kuuma kwa PU sikokwanira.Kapangidwe ka ma incubators a PU omwe amapezeka pamalonda nthawi zambiri ndi: chipolopolo chazinthu zamtundu wa PE, ndipo wosanjikiza wapakati ndi thovu la polyurethane (PU).Kapangidwe kaphatikizidwe kameneka kamakhalanso kosavuta kukonzanso.
M'malo mwake, PU imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mufiriji ndi mafiriji ngati zotsekera.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mafiriji opitilira 95% kapena zida zamafiriji padziko lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito thovu lolimba la polyurethane ngati zinthu zotchinjiriza.M'tsogolomu, ndi kukula kwa mafakitale ozizira unyolo, chitukuko cha polyurethane zipangizo kutchinjiriza matenthedwe adzakhala ndi zofunika ziwiri, chimodzi ndi kulamulira mpweya mpweya, ndi zina ndi kusintha malawi retardant katundu.Pachifukwa ichi, ambiri opanga zinthu zotchinjiriza za polyurethane ndi othandizira makina oziziritsa kuzizira akupanga njira zatsopano:
Kuphatikiza apo, zida zatsopano za thovu monga polyisocyanurate foam material PIR, phenolic foam material (PF), bolodi la simenti lopangidwa thovu ndi bolodi lagalasi lopangidwa thovu zikumanganso malo osungira zachilengedwe komanso opulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuzizira.zogwiritsidwa ntchito pa ndondomeko.
Polypropylene thovu (EPP)
EPP ndi zinthu zonyezimira kwambiri za polima zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, komanso ndi mtundu watsopano womwe ukukula mwachangu kwambiri wazinthu zotchingira zotchingira zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chilengedwe.Pogwiritsa ntchito PP ngati zopangira zazikulu, mikanda yokhala ndi thovu imapangidwa ndi ukadaulo wotulutsa thovu.Chogulitsacho ndi chopanda poizoni komanso chopanda pake, ndipo kutentha sikungapange zinthu zapoizoni, ndipo kumatha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi chakudya.Kutsekemera kwabwino kwa kutentha, kutentha kwa kutentha kumakhala pafupifupi 0.039W/m·k, mphamvu zake zamakina zimakhalanso bwino kwambiri kuposa EPS ndi PU, ndipo kwenikweni palibe fumbi pakukangana kapena kukhudzidwa;ndipo imakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino komanso kukhazikika kozizira, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo a -30 ° C mpaka 110 ° C.gwiritsani ntchito pansipa.Kuphatikiza apo, kwa EPS ndi PU, kulemera kwake ndi kopepuka, komwe kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kulemera kwa chinthucho, potero kuchepetsa mtengo wamayendedwe.
M'malo mwake, mumayendedwe oziziritsa, mabokosi onyamula a EPP amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mabokosi osinthira, omwe ndi osavuta kuyeretsa komanso okhazikika, ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, kuchepetsa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito.Ikapanda kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, imakhala yosavuta kuyibwezeretsanso ndikuigwiritsanso ntchito, ndipo sichidzayambitsa kuipitsa koyera.Pakadali pano, mafakitale ambiri operekera zakudya zatsopano, kuphatikiza Ele.me, Meituan, ndi Hema Xiansheng, amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito zofungatira za EPP.
M'tsogolomu, pamene dziko ndi anthu zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe, msewu wobiriwira wa ma CD ozizira udzapititsidwanso patsogolo.Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu, imodzi mwazo ndikubwezeretsanso zopangira.Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, tsogolo la polypropylene thovu lidzafulumizitsidwa.Zomwe zimayembekezeredwa kuti zilowe m'malo mwa zinthu zambiri za thovu za polyurethane ndi polystyrene, ndipo zili ndi tsogolo lowala.
Biodegradable thovu zakuthupi
Kukulitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zowonongeka muzosungirako zozizira ndi njira inanso yofunikira pakupanga zobiriwira zoziziritsa kukhosi.Pakali pano, pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya zipangizo biodegradable kuti apangidwa: polylactic asidi PLA mndandanda (kuphatikiza PLA, PGA, PLAGA, etc.), polybutylene succinate PBS mndandanda (kuphatikiza PBS, PBAT, PBSA, PBST, PBIAT etc.) , polyhydroxyalkanoate PHA mndandanda (kuphatikiza PHA, PHB, PHBV).Komabe, mphamvu yosungunuka ya zidazi nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako ndipo sichingapangidwe pazida zochitira thovu mosalekeza, ndipo chiŵerengero cha thovu sichiyenera kukhala chokwera kwambiri, apo ayi mawonekedwe amtundu wazinthu zopangidwa ndi thovu ndizosauka kwambiri kuti azigwiritsa ntchito.
Kuti izi zitheke, njira zambiri zopangira thovu zatulukiranso m'makampani.Mwachitsanzo, Synbra ku Netherlands yapanga zinthu zoyamba za polylactic acid padziko lonse lapansi, BioFoam, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lopangidwa ndi thovu lopangidwa ndi nkhungu, ndipo lapindula kwambiri;kutsogolera m'nyumba The zida wopanga USEON ali bwinobwino anayamba luso kupanga Mipikisano wosanjikiza dongosolo PLA thovu bolodi.Kusinthaku kumatenga gawo lapakati la thovu, lomwe limakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotchinjiriza, ndipo thupi lolimba la mbali zonse limatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamakina.
mchere wa fiber
Fiber foam zakuthupi ndizinthu zobiriwira zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka mumayendedwe ozizira.Komabe, m'mawonekedwe, chofungatira chopangidwa ndi fiber foam zakuthupi sichingafanane ndi pulasitiki, ndipo kachulukidwe kachulukidwe kake kamakhala kokwera, zomwe zimawonjezeranso mtengo wamayendedwe.M'tsogolomu, ndi koyenera kupanga ma franchise mu mzinda uliwonse monga ma franchise, pogwiritsa ntchito udzu wam'deralo kuti mutumikire msika wamba pamtengo wotsika kwambiri.
Malinga ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi Cold Chain Committee ya China Federation of Zinthu ndi Prospective Industry Research Institute, kuchuluka kwazinthu zozizira m'dziko langa mu 2019 kudafika matani 261 miliyoni, pomwe kufunikira kwazinthu zozizira za chakudya kunafikira. 235 miliyoni matani.Makampaniwa adasungabe chiwopsezo chakukula mwachangu mu theka la chaka.Izi zabweretsa mwayi wamsika kamodzi kokha kumakampani opanga thovu.M'tsogolomu, mabizinesi ochita thovu okhudzana ndi kuzizira kwazinthu zozizira ayenera kumvetsetsa momwe makampani obiriwira, opulumutsira mphamvu komanso otetezeka kuti athe kutenga mwayi wamsika ndikupeza zopindulitsa pamsika womwe ukusintha nthawi zonse.Njira yopikisana yokhazikika imapangitsa bizinesi kukhala yosagonjetseka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-22-2022