Makampani a polyurethane: kupezeka kwakukulu, kudzikundikira kolemera
Mbiri Yachitukuko cha Makampani a Polyurethane
Polyurethane (PU) ndi polima utomoni wopangidwa ndi condensation polymerization wa zofunika mankhwala isocyanate ndi polyol.Polyurethane ili ndi maubwino amphamvu kwambiri, kukana kwa abrasion, kukana misozi, magwiridwe antchito abwino, kukana kwamafuta komanso kuyanjana kwamagazi.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba, zida zapakhomo, zoyendera, zomanga, zofunikira zatsiku ndi tsiku ndi mafakitale ena, ndipo ndizofunikira zaukadaulo.Mu 1937, katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Germany Bayer anagwiritsa ntchito polyaddition reaction ya 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate ndi 1,4-butanediol kupanga linear polyamide resin, yomwe inatsegula kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito polyamide resin.Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Germany yakhazikitsa chomera choyesera cha polyamide chokhala ndi mphamvu zina zopangira.Nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itatha, United States, Britain, Japan ndi mayiko ena anayambitsa luso la Germany kuti ayambe kupanga ndi kupanga polyurethane, ndipo mafakitale a polyurethane anayamba kukula padziko lonse lapansi.dziko langa lafufuza modziyimira pawokha ndikupanga utomoni wa polyurethane kuyambira m'ma 1960, ndipo tsopano lakhala dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi opanga ndi ogula polyurethane.
Polyurethane amagawidwa mu polyester mtundu ndi polyether mtundu.Mapangidwe a polyurethane monomer makamaka amatsimikiziridwa ndi zida zakumtunda komanso zomwe mukufuna.Mtundu wa polyester umapangidwa ndi zomwe polyester polyol ndi isocyanate.Ndiwokhazikika ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga siponji yokhala ndi thovu, topcoat ndi pepala lapulasitiki lolimba kwambiri komanso kachulukidwe.Mtundu wa polyether umapezeka ndi zomwe polyether mtundu wa polyol ndi isocyanate, ndipo mawonekedwe a maselo ndi gawo lofewa.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga thonje lotanuka kukumbukira komanso khushoni-proof-proof cushion.Njira zambiri zamakono zopangira polyurethane remix polyester ndi polyether polyols molingana kuti zitsimikizire kusinthasintha kwazinthu.Zida zazikulu zopangira polyurethane synthesis ndi isocyanates ndi polyols.Isocyanate ndi mawu ambiri a esters osiyanasiyana a isocyanic acid, omwe amaikidwa ndi chiwerengero cha -NCO magulu, kuphatikizapo monoisocyanate RN = C = O, diisocyanate O = C = NRN = C = O ndi polyisocyanate etc.;Komanso akhoza kugawidwa mu aliphatic isocyanates ndi onunkhira isocyanates.Ma isocyanate onunkhira amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo waukulu kwambiri, monga diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) ndi toluene diisocyanate (TDI).MDI ndi TDI ndi mitundu yofunikira ya isocyanate.
Polyurethane makampani unyolo ndi kupanga ndondomeko
Zopangira za kumtunda kwa polyurethane ndizo makamaka isocyanates ndi polyols.Zogulitsa zazikulu zapakatikati zimaphatikizapo mapulasitiki a thovu, ma elastomers, mapulasitiki a fiber, ulusi, utomoni wachikopa wa nsapato, zokutira, zomatira ndi zosindikizira ndi zinthu zina za utomoni.Zogulitsa zam'munsi zimaphatikizapo zida zapakhomo, zida zapakhomo, zoyendera, zomanga, zofunikira zatsiku ndi tsiku ndi mafakitale ena.
Makampani a polyurethane ali ndi zotchinga zazikulu zaukadaulo, likulu, makasitomala, kasamalidwe ndi luso, ndipo makampaniwa ali ndi zopinga zazikulu zolowera.
1) Zolepheretsa zaukadaulo ndi zachuma.Kupanga kwa isocyanate kumtunda ndiye ulalo womwe uli ndi zotchinga zapamwamba kwambiri pamakampani a polyurethane.Makamaka, MDI imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi zotchinga zapamwamba kwambiri pamakampani opanga mankhwala.The kupanga ndondomeko njira ya isocyanate ndi yaitali, kuphatikizapo nitration anachita, kuchepetsa anachita, acidification anachita, etc. Phosgene njira panopa ndi teknoloji yaikulu kwa mafakitale kupanga isocyanates, ndipo ndi njira yokhayo kuti angathe kuzindikira lalikulu kupanga isocyanates.Komabe, phosgene ndi poizoni kwambiri, ndipo zomwe zimachitikazo ziyenera kuchitidwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yamphamvu ya asidi, yomwe imafuna zida zapamwamba ndi ndondomeko.Kuonjezera apo, mankhwala a isocyanate monga MDI ndi TDI ndi osavuta kuchitapo kanthu ndi madzi ndikuwonongeka, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, malo oundana ndi otsika, omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri ku teknoloji yopangira.2) Zolepheretsa kasitomala.Ubwino wa zida za polyurethane zidzakhudza mwachindunji momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana akumunsi.Makasitomala osiyanasiyana sangasinthe mosavuta ogulitsa atazindikira zomwe amagulitsa, chifukwa chake zimapanga zotchinga kwa omwe alowa kumene mumakampaniwo.3) Kuwongolera ndi zolepheretsa talente.Poyang'anizana ndi zofuna zamtundu wamtundu wamakasitomala otsika, makampani a polyurethane ayenera kupanga zida zonse zogulira, kupanga, zogulitsa ndi ntchito, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, ziyenera kukulitsa akatswiri apamwamba omwe ali ndi luso loyang'anira zopanga. ndi zopinga za kasamalidwe kapamwamba.
Ndemanga za MDI: Kufuna kuchira, kukwera mtengo kwamagetsi kumatha kuchepetsa kupezeka kwakunja
Mbiri yakale ya MDI mitengo ndi kusanthula kwa cyclical
Kupanga kwapakhomo kwa MDI kudayamba m'zaka za m'ma 1960, koma mocheperapo ndi luso laukadaulo, kufunikira kwapakhomo nthawi zambiri kumadalira zogula kuchokera kunja ndipo mitengo ndi yokwera.Chiyambireni m'zaka za m'ma 21, monga Wanhua Chemical pang'onopang'ono katswiri pachimake luso kupanga MDI, mphamvu kupanga kukodzedwa mofulumira, zoweta anayamba kukhudza mitengo, ndi cyclicality wa mitengo MDI anayamba kuonekera.Potengera mitengo yakale, mitengo ya MDI yophatikizika ndi yofanana ndi ya MDI yoyera, ndipo kutsika kapena kutsika kwamitengo ya MDI ndi zaka 2-3.58.1% quantile, mtengo wapakati pa sabata ukuwonjezeka ndi 6.9%, mwezi wamtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali unatsika ndi 2.4%, ndipo kuchepa kwa chaka ndi 10.78%;MDI yoyera yatsekedwa pa 21,500 yuan / tani, pa 55.9% quantile yamtengo wapatali wa mbiri yakale, ndi mlungu uliwonse kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wa 4.4 %, mwezi uliwonse wamtengo wapatali unagwa 2.3%, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi tsiku kunali 3.4%.Njira yotumizira mtengo wa MDI ndi yosalala, ndipo kukwera kwamtengo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofala kwambiri.Tikukhulupirira kuti kuzungulira kwamitengo ya MDI yokweraku kumayamba mu Julayi 2020, makamaka zokhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa kwa mliriwu komanso mphamvu yakunja yakunja pakugwiritsa ntchito.Mtengo wapakati wa MDI mu 2022 ukuyembekezeka kukhalabe wokwera.
Kuchokera m'mbiri yakale, palibe nyengo yodziwikiratu pamitengo ya MDI.Mu 2021, mtengo wokwera wa MDI wophatikizidwa uwoneka mgawo loyamba ndi lachinayi.Mapangidwe a mtengo wamtengo wapatali m'gawo loyamba makamaka chifukwa cha Chikondwerero cha Spring chomwe chikuyandikira, kuchepa kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zamakampani komanso kuchuluka kwa opanga kumunsi kwa chikondwererochi chisanachitike.Mapangidwe amtengo wapatali mu gawo lachinayi makamaka amachokera ku chithandizo chamtengo wapatali pansi pa "kulamulira kawiri kwa mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu".Mtengo wapakati wa MDI wophatikizidwa m'gawo loyamba la 2022 unali 20,591 yuan/ton, kutsika ndi 0.9% kuchokera kotala lachinayi la 2021;Mtengo wapakati wa MDI yoyera m'gawo loyamba unali 22,514 yuan/ton, kukwera 2.2% kuchokera kotala lachinayi la 2021.
Mitengo ya MDI ikuyembekezeka kukhalabe yolimba mu 2022. Mtengo wapakati wa MDI (Yantai Wanhua, East China) mu 2021 udzakhala 20,180 yuan/ton, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 35.9% ndi 69.1% kuchuluka kwa mbiri yakale. mtengo.Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2021, nyengo yanyengo yakunja imachitika pafupipafupi, mliriwu udakhudza mayendedwe otumiza kunja, ndipo mitengo yakunja kwa MDI idakwera kwambiri.Ngakhale mitengo ya MDI pakadali pano ndiyokwera pang'ono kuposa yakale yapakatikati, tikukhulupirira kuti kuzungulira kwamitengo ya MDI kukwera sikunathe.Mitengo yokwera yamafuta ndi gasi imathandizira mtengo wa MDI, pomwe mphamvu zatsopano zopangira MDI mu 2022 ndizochepa ndipo zonse zikadali zolimba, kotero mitengo ikuyembekezeka kukhalabe yolimba.
Zowonjezera: Kukula kokhazikika, kuwonjezeka kochepa mu 2022
Kukula kwa Wanhua Chemical ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi.Monga kampani yoyamba yapakhomo yodziwa luso lamakono la kupanga MDI, Wanhua Chemical yakhala yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanga MDI.Mu 2021, mphamvu zonse zopanga MDI padziko lonse lapansi zidzakhala pafupifupi matani 10.24 miliyoni, ndipo mphamvu yatsopano yopangira idzachokera ku Wanhua Chemical.Gawo la msika wapadziko lonse la Wanhua Chemical lafika 25.9%.Mu 2021, okwana zoweta MDI kupanga mphamvu adzakhala pafupifupi 3.96 miliyoni matani, ndipo linanena bungwe adzakhala pafupifupi 2.85 miliyoni matani, kuwonjezeka 27.8% poyerekeza ndi linanena bungwe mu 2020. Kuwonjezera kukhudzidwa ndi mliri mu 2020, zoweta. Kupanga kwa MDI kwakhalabe kukula kwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi CAGR ya 10.3% kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2021. Kuchokera pamalingaliro akukula kwapadziko lonse m'tsogolomu, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kudzabwerabe kuchokera ku Wanhua Chemical, ndipo ntchito yowonjezera nyumba idzabwera. kukhazikitsidwa msanga kuposa mayiko akunja.Pa Meyi 17, malinga ndi tsamba lovomerezeka la Shaanxi Chemical Construction, Gao Jiancheng, mlembi ndi tcheyamani wa kampaniyo, adaitanidwa kuti akakhale nawo ku msonkhano wa Wanhua Chemical (Fujian) MDI yokwezera polojekiti, ndipo adasaina kalata yoyang'anira ntchito yomanga ndi Wanhua Chemical. (Fujian) kuti awonetsetse Kukwaniritsa cholinga cha polojekitiyi pa Novembara 30, 2022.
Chofunikira: Chiwopsezo cha kukula ndichokwera kuposa chomwe chimaperekedwa, ndipo zida zomangira zomangira ndi matabwa opanda formaldehyde zimabweretsa kukula kwatsopano.
Kukula kwakufunika kwa Global MDI kukuyembekezeka kupitilira kukula kwazinthu.Malinga ndi data ya Covestro, kupezeka kwa MDI padziko lonse lapansi mu 2021 kuli pafupifupi matani 9.2 miliyoni, ndi CAGR ya 4% mu 2021-2026;kufunikira kwa MDI padziko lonse lapansi kuli pafupifupi matani 8.23 miliyoni, ndi CAGR ya 6% mu 2021-2026.Malinga ndi data ya Huntsman, mphamvu yapadziko lonse ya MDI CAGR ndi 2.9% mu 2020-2025, ndipo kufunikira kwapadziko lonse kwa MDI CAGR kuli pafupifupi 5-6% mu 2020-2025, pomwe mphamvu zopanga ku Asia zidzakwera kuchokera pa matani 5 miliyoni mu 2020. mpaka 2025 matani 6.2 miliyoni, mafakitale a polyurethane ali ndi chiyembekezo chofuna MDI m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi.
Tili ndi chiyembekezo chokhudza nthawi yayitali yotumiza kunja kwa MDI.Malinga ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito mu 2021, United States ndiyomwe imatumiza kunja kwa MDI ya dziko langa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa katundu wakunja mu 2021 kudzafika matani 282,000, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 122.9%.Zhejiang, Shandong ndi Shanghai ndi zigawo zazikulu zotumiza kunja (zigawo) m'dziko langa, zomwe Zhejiang zotumiza kunja zinafika matani 597,000, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 78,7%;Kuchuluka kwa katundu wa Shandong kunafika matani 223,000, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka ndi 53.7%.Malinga ndi zomwe zatsikirapo, kuchuluka kwa malonda a nyumba zatsopano ku United States kukudutsa m'nthawi ya mliri, kugulitsa nyumba zapakhomo kumatha kusintha pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kubwezeretsanso kufunikira kwanyumba kukuyembekezeka kukulitsa kufunikira kwa MDI. .
Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa Wanhua Chemical m'gawoli uli ndi kufanana kwabwino ndi kufalikira kwamitengo kwa MDI yophatikizidwa mu kotala.Zopangira zazikulu za MDI ndi aniline.Kupyolera mu kuwerengera kwa kusiyana kwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali, zikhoza kupezeka kuti mtengo wa polymerized MDI uli ndi njira yabwino yotumizira, ndipo mtengo wapamwamba nthawi zambiri ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mtengo.Pa nthawi yomweyi, kufalikira kwa mtengo wa MDI wophatikizika kumayenderana bwino ndi phindu lalikulu la Wanhua Chemical mu kotala, ndipo kusintha kwa phindu lalikulu m'madera ena kumabweretsa kusintha kwa kufalikira kwa mtengo, kapena kumagwirizana ndi Inventory kuzungulira mabizinesi.
Mtengo wokwera wamagetsi ukhoza kupitilizabe kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa MDI kunja kwa nyanja.Xinhua Finance, Frankfurt, June 13th, German energy regulator Klaus Müller, mkulu wa Federal Network Agency, adanena kuti Nord Stream 1 Baltic Pipeline idzachita kukonza m'chilimwe, ndi kupereka gasi wachilengedwe kuchokera ku Russia kupita ku Germany ndi Western Europe. kuchepetsedwa m'nyengo yachilimwe.zotheka kugwa kwambiri.Kuthekera kwa kupanga kwa MDI ku Europe kumakhala pafupifupi 30% ya dziko lonse lapansi.Kupitilizidwa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu zotsalira zakale kumatha kukakamiza opanga ma MDI akunja kuti achepetse katundu wawo, ndipo kutumizira kunja kwapakhomo kwa MDI kungapangitse kuwonjezeka kwachilimwe.
Wanhua ili ndi zabwino zowonekera mtengo.Potengera mbiri yakale yamitengo yamafuta osakhazikika / gasi wachilengedwe komanso mtengo wamalonda wamakampani akuluakulu a polyurethane, momwe makampani akumayiko akunja amagulitsira mitengo yamafuta ndi gasi.Kukula kwa Wanhua Chemical ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwamakampani akunja, kapena kukhudzidwa kwamitengo yamafuta ndikocheperako kuposa makampani akunja.makampani akunja.Malingana ndi momwe mafakitale akuyendera, Wanhua Chemical ndi BASF, omwe ali ndi mafakitale a petrochemical ndipo ali ndi ubwino wophatikizira, ali ndi ubwino wambiri kuposa Covestro ndi Huntsman.
Potsutsana ndi kukwera kwa mitengo yamagetsi, ubwino wophatikizana ukuwonjezeka kwambiri.Malinga ndi data ya Huntsman, pofika chaka cha 2024, kampaniyo ikukonzekera kukwaniritsa ntchito yokonza ndalama zokwana madola 240 miliyoni, pomwe kukhathamiritsa kwa malo opangira mbewu za polyurethane kudzathandizira pafupifupi US $ 60 miliyoni pakuchepetsa mtengo.Malinga ndi Covestro, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimachokera ku ma projekiti ophatikizana kudzafika ma euro 120 miliyoni pofika 2025, zomwe ma projekiti okhathamiritsa ndalama azithandizira pafupifupi ma euro 80 miliyoni.
Msika wa TDI: Zotulutsa zenizeni ndizotsika kuposa momwe zimayembekezeredwa, ndipo pali malo okwanira okwera mtengo
Mbiri yakale ya TDI ndi kusanthula kwa cyclical
Kapangidwe ka TDI ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo mankhwalawa amakhala ndi kawopsedwe kwambiri ndipo amatha kuyaka komanso kuphulika kuposa MDI.Kuchokera ku zochitika zakale zamtengo wapatali, momwe mitengo ya TDI ndi MDI ikufanana koma kusinthasintha kumawonekera kwambiri, kapena kumakhudzana ndi kusakhazikika kwa kupanga TDI.Pofika pa June 17, 2022, TDI (East China) inatseka pa 17,200 yuan/tani, pamtengo wa 31.1% wamitengo yakale, ndikukwera kwamitengo yapakati pamlungu ndi 1.3%, kukwera kwamitengo pamwezi ndi 0.9%, ndi chaka -kuwonjezeka kwa 12.1%.Kuchokera pamawonedwe ozungulira, kutsika kapena kutsika kwamitengo ya TDI kulinso zaka 2-3.Poyerekeza ndi MDI, mitengo ya TDI ndi ndalama zimasinthasintha kwambiri, ndipo mitengo imakhala yosavuta kukakamiza majeure ndi nkhani zina pakanthawi kochepa.Kuzungulira uku kwa TDI kupita m'mwamba kumatha kuyambira Epulo 2020, komwe kumakhudzana makamaka ndi kusakhazikika kwa kukhazikitsa kwa TDI komanso kutsika kwenikweni kuposa komwe kumayembekezeredwa.Poyerekeza ndi MDI, mtengo wamakono wa TDI uli pamlingo wotsika kwambiri m'mbiri, ndipo zowoneka bwino.
Mitengo ya TDI ikuyembekezeka kupitilira kukwera mu 2022. Mtengo wapakati wa TDI (East China) mu 2021 ndi 14,189 yuan/ton, kuwonjezeka kwa 18.5% pachaka, ndipo uli pa 22.9% quantile yamtengo wakale. .Mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya TDI mu 2021 inali m'gawo loyamba, makamaka chifukwa chakuti opanga otsika amadzaza tchuthi lisanafike, zida zakunja ndi zosamalira zinali zochepa, ndipo zogulitsa zamakampani zinali zotsika mchaka.Mtengo wapakati wa TDI m'gawo loyamba la 2022 ndi 18,524 yuan/ton, kuwonjezeka kwa 28.4% kuchokera ku gawo lachinayi la 2021. Poyerekeza ndi MDI, mtengo wa TDI udakali wotsika kwambiri m'mbiri, ndipo pali chipinda chachikulu chokwera mtengo.
Supply and demand pattern: nthawi yayitali yolimba, kukhazikika kwa zida kumakhudza zotsatira zenizeni
Pakali pano, ngakhale kuti mphamvu yopanga TDI yapadziko lonse ndi yochuluka, kukula kwa chiwerengero cha kufunikira kumaposa kukula kwa zinthu, ndipo njira ya nthawi yayitali ya TDI ikhoza kukhala yolimba.Malinga ndi data ya Covestro, kupezeka kwa TDI padziko lonse lapansi kuli pafupifupi matani 3.42 miliyoni, ndi CAGR ya 2% mu 2021-2026;kufunikira kwa TDI padziko lonse lapansi kuli pafupifupi matani 2.49 miliyoni, ndi CAGR ya 5% mu 2021-2026.
Pansi pa kuchulukirachulukira, opanga amakulitsa mosamala kupanga.Poyerekeza ndi MDI, TDI ili ndi ntchito zochepa zowonjezera mphamvu, ndipo palibe kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu mu 2020 ndi 2021. Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi kudzabweranso kuchokera ku Wanhua Chemical, yomwe ikukonzekera kuwonjezera mphamvu ya matani 100,000 / chaka ku Fujian 250,000 matani / chaka.Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizapo nitrification unit ya 305,000 matani / chaka, hydrogenation unit ya 200,000 matani / chaka, ndi photochemical unit ya 250,000 matani / chaka;polojekiti ikafika popanga, ikuyembekezeka kupanga matani 250,000 a TDI, matani 6,250 a OTDA, matani 203,660 a hydrogen chloride youma ndi hydrochloric acid.70,400 matani.Malinga ndi tsamba lovomerezeka la boma la Fuqing Municipal People's Government, ntchito yokulitsayi yapeza malo osungiramo malo a TDI ndi malo ogawa, chiphatso chomangira zipinda za TDI, komanso chiphaso chomangira mafiriji a TDI.Ikuyembekezeka kukhazikitsidwa mu 2023.
Kusakhazikika kwa zida kumakhudza kutulutsa kwenikweni.Malinga ndi data ya Baichuan Yingfu, zotulutsa zapakhomo za TDI mu 2021 zidzakhala pafupifupi matani 1.137 miliyoni, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito pachaka pafupifupi 80%.Ngakhale kupanga kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwa TDI ndikokulirapo, mu 2021, malo a TDI kunyumba ndi kunja adzakhudzidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi nyengo yanyengo, kupezeka kwazinthu zopangira ndi kulephera kwaukadaulo, zotuluka zenizeni zidzakhala zotsika kuposa momwe amayembekezera, ndipo kugulitsa kwamakampani kudzakhala. pitilizani kuchepa.Malinga ndi a Baichuan Yingfu, pa Juni 9, 2022, atakhudzidwa ndi kumenyedwa kwa oyendetsa magalimoto aku South Korea, zida zapa Hanwha TDI (matani 50,000 pa seti) zidachepetsedwa, ndipo kutumizidwa kwa magwero a Kumho MDI kudachedwa, komwe. zidakhudza zinthu zaposachedwa za polyurethane mpaka pamlingo wina.ku port.Nthawi yomweyo, mafakitale ambiri akuyembekezeka kukonzanso mu June, ndipo kuchuluka kwa TDI kuli kochepera.
Malinga ndi data ya Baichuan Yingfu, kumwa kwenikweni kwa TDI mu 2021 kudzakhala pafupifupi matani 829,000, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 4.12%.Kutsikira kwa TDI kumakhala zinthu za siponji monga mipando ya upholstered.Mu 2021, siponji ndi zogulitsa zidzawerengera 72% yazakudya za TDI.Kuyambira 2022, kukula kwa kufunikira kwa TDI kwacheperachepera, koma momwe kutsika kwapansi monga mipando yokwezeka ndi nsalu kumachira pang'onopang'ono ku mliriwu, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa TDI kukuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula.
ADI ndi ma isocyanates ena apadera: misika yatsopano komanso yomwe ikubwera
Msika wa ADI m'munda wa zokutira umatsegulidwa pang'onopang'ono
Poyerekeza ndi onunkhira isocyanates, aliphatic ndi alicyclic isocyanates (ADI) ali ndi makhalidwe amphamvu kukana nyengo ndi zochepa chikasu.Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) ndi mtundu wa ADI, womwe umakhala wopanda mtundu kapena wachikasu pang'ono, ndipo umakhala wocheperako, wonunkhira bwino wamadzimadzi otentha kutentha.Monga zopangira zopangira polyurethane, HDI imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga ma varnish a polyurethane (PU) ndi zokutira zapamwamba kwambiri, zokutira zowongolera magalimoto, zokutira zapulasitiki, zokutira zamatabwa zapamwamba, zokutira zamafakitale ndi zokutira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri, komanso ma elastomers, zomatira, zomaliza za nsalu, etc. Kuphatikiza pa kukana kwa mafuta ndi kukana kuvala, PU yopezera PU imakhala ndi makhalidwe osakhala achikasu, kusungirako mtundu, kukana choko, ndi kukana kwa kunja.Kuonjezera apo, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popangira mankhwala opangira utoto, zomatira zapamwamba za polima, zomatira zotsika kutentha zosindikizira phala, collar copolymer coating, fixed enzyme adhesive, etc. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ADI.Monga zopangira zopangira polyurethane, IPDI ndiyoyenera kupanga ma polyurethanes okhala ndi kukhazikika bwino kwa kuwala, kukana nyengo komanso zinthu zabwino zamakina.Makamaka oyenera kupanga elastomers, zokutira madzi, polyurethane dispersants ndi photocurable urethane-modified acrylates.
Zida zina zimatumizidwa kunja, ndipo mtengo wa ADI nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera kuposa wa MDI ndi TDI.Kutenga HDI ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamsika pakati pa ma ADI mwachitsanzo, hexamethylenediamine ndiye chinthu chachikulu chopangira HDI.Pakadali pano, 1 toni ya HDI imapangidwa ndipo pafupifupi matani 0.75 a hexanediamine amadyedwa.Ngakhale kuti adiponitrile ndi hexamethylene diamine ikupitirirabe, kupanga kwa HDI panopa kumadalirabe adiponitrile ndi hexamethylene diamine, ndipo mtengo wonse wa mankhwala ndi wokwera kwambiri.Malinga ndi deta ya Tiantian Chemical Network, mtengo wapachaka wa HDI mu 2021 ndi pafupifupi 85,547 yuan/ton, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 74.2%;mtengo wapachaka wa IPDI ndi pafupifupi 76,000 yuan/ton, kuwonjezereka kwa chaka ndi 9.1%.
Wanhua Chemical yakhala yachiwiri pakupanga ADI padziko lonse lapansi
Kupanga kwa ADI kwakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo Wanhua Chemical yachita bwino kwambiri mu HDI ndi zotumphukira, IPDI, HMDI ndi zinthu zina.Malingana ndi deta ya Xinsijie Industry Research Center, mphamvu zonse zopangira makampani a ADI padziko lonse zidzafika matani 580,000 / chaka mu 2021. Chifukwa cha zopinga zazikulu zolowera m'makampani, pali makampani ochepa padziko lapansi omwe angathe kupanga ADI. pamlingo waukulu, makamaka kuphatikiza Covestro, Evonik, BASF ku Germany, Asahi Kasei ku Japan, Wanhua Chemical, ndi Rhodia ku France, komwe Covestro ndiye wogulitsa wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa ADI wokhala ndi mphamvu zopanga matani 220,000 pachaka, kutsatiridwa ndi Wanhua Chemical ndi mphamvu yopanga pachaka pafupifupi matani 140,000.Ndi chomera cha HDI cha Wanhua Ningbo cha 50,000-ton/chaka cha HDI, mphamvu yopanga ya ADI ya Wanhua Chemical idzakulitsidwanso.
Ma isocyanates apadera komanso osinthidwa akupitilizabe kuchita bwino.Pakalipano, ma isocyanate amtundu wamtundu wakudziko langa (MDI, TDI) ali pachiwonetsero padziko lonse lapansi.Pakati pa aliphatic isocyanates (ADI), HDI, IPDI, HMDI ndi zinthu zina adziwa luso lodziimira pawokha kupanga, XDI, PDI ndi isocyanates ena apadera alowa siteji woyendetsa, TDI -TMP ndi zina kusinthidwa isocyanates (isocyanate adducts) apanga teknoloji yofunika kwambiri. zopambana.Ma isocyanates apadera ndi ma isocyanate osinthidwa ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga zinthu zamtundu wapamwamba wa polyurethane, ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukweza kapangidwe kazinthu za polyurethane.Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwaukadaulo wapanyumba, Wanhua Chemical ndi makampani ena apezanso bwino kwambiri paukadaulo wama isocyanate apadera ndi ma isocyanate adducts, ndipo akuyembekezeka kutsogolera dziko lapansi munjira yatsopanoyi.
Mabizinesi a polyurethane: kuyambiranso kwamphamvu mu 2021, ali ndi chiyembekezo chamsika
Wanhua Chemical
Anakhazikitsidwa mu 1998, Wanhua Chemical makamaka chinkhoswe mu R & D, kupanga ndi malonda a uthunthu wa mankhwala polyurethane monga isocyanates ndi polyols, mankhwala petrochemical monga acrylic acid ndi ester, zipangizo zinchito monga zokutira madzi ofotokoza, ndi apadera mankhwala. .Ndi kampani yoyamba m'dziko langa kukhala ndi MDI Ndi bizinesi yomwe ili ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha waukadaulo waukadaulo wopangira zinthu, komanso ndiyogulitsa kwambiri polyurethane m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific komanso wopanga mpikisano kwambiri wa MDI padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zopangira kumakhala ndi mwayi waukulu, ndipo kumayika kufunika kwa R&D ndi luso poyamba.Pofika kumapeto kwa 2021, Wanhua Chemical ali ndi mphamvu yokwanira yopanga matani 4.16 miliyoni / chaka cha polyurethane mndandanda wazinthu (kuphatikiza matani 2.65 miliyoni / chaka cha ntchito za MDI, matani 650,000 / chaka cha ntchito za TDI, ndi matani 860,000 / chaka cha polyether. projekiti).Pofika kumapeto kwa 2021, Wanhua Chemical ili ndi antchito 3,126 a R&D, omwe amawerengera 16% ya kampani yonse, ndipo adayika ndalama zonse zokwana 3.168 biliyoni mu R&D, zomwe zikuwerengera pafupifupi 2.18% ya ndalama zake zogwirira ntchito.M'nthawi ya malipoti 2021, Wanhua Chemical m'badwo wachisanu ndi chimodzi MDI luso anali bwinobwino ntchito Yantai MDI chomera, kukwaniritsa ntchito khola matani miliyoni 1.1 pachaka;ukadaulo wodzipangira wokha wa hydrogen chloride wothandizira oxidation chlorine unali wokhwima ndipo udamalizidwa, ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala Chemical Week Best Machitidwe achitukuko chokhazikika mu 2021;zodzipangira zazikulu PO / SM, mosalekeza DMC polyether luso ndi mndandanda watsopano wa onunkhira polyester polyols akhala bwino mafakitale, ndipo zizindikiro mankhwala afika pa mlingo wa mankhwala apamwamba.
Kukula kwa Wanhua Chemical ndikwabwino kuposa mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi.Kupindula ndi ubwino wa kukula ndi mtengo, Wanhua Chemical kukula kwachuma chaka ndi chaka mu 2021 ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'gawo loyamba la 2022 zidzakula kwambiri.Ndikukulanso kwaubwino komanso kupititsa patsogolo kopitilira muyeso kwa kutumiza kunja kwa MDI, Wanhua Chemical ipitiliza kukulitsa gawo la msika wa MDI ndikupanga malo angapo okulirapo m'magawo a petrochemical ndi zida zatsopano.(Report source: Future Think Tank)
BASF (BASF)
BASF SE ndi kampani yayikulu kwambiri yamankhwala padziko lonse lapansi yokhala ndi mabungwe opitilira 160 omwe ali ndi zonse kapena mabizinesi ogwirizana m'maiko 41 ku Europe, Asia ndi America.Likulu lake ku Ludwigshafen, Germany, kampaniyo ndi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Bizinesi yamakampaniyi imakhudza thanzi ndi zakudya (Nutrition & Care), zokutira ndi utoto (Surface Technologies), mankhwala oyambira (Chemicals), mapulasitiki ochita bwino kwambiri ndi zoyambira (Zida), resins ndi zida zina zogwirira ntchito (Industrial Solutions), ulimi (Agricultural Solutions) Solutions) ndi magawo ena, momwe isocyanates (MDI ndi TDI) ndi gawo la monomer (Monomer) m'mapulasitiki ochita bwino kwambiri ndi gawo la precursors (Zida), komanso kuchuluka kwa BASF isocyanate (MDI + TDI) mu 2021 ndi pafupifupi matani 2.62 miliyoni.Malinga ndi lipoti la pachaka la 2021 la BASF, zokutira ndi utoto ndiye gawo lalikulu la ndalama za kampaniyo, zomwe zimawerengera 29% ya ndalama zake mu 2021. Ndalama za R&D ndi pafupifupi ma euro 296 miliyoni, kuphatikiza kugula ndi ndalama zina za 1.47 biliyoni;mapulasitiki ochita bwino kwambiri ndi Gawo la precursor (Zida) ndi gawo lomwe lili ndi gawo lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe limawerengera 19% ya ndalama mu 2021, ndi ndalama za R&D pafupifupi ma euro 193 miliyoni, kuphatikiza kugula ndi ndalama zina za 709 miliyoni mayuro.
Msika waku China ukukulirakulira.Malinga ndi data ya BASF, pofika chaka cha 2030, magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse a kuchuluka kwa mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi adzachokera ku China, ndipo 9 mwa ma projekiti 30 okulitsa omwe afotokozedwa mu lipoti la pachaka la BASF la 2021 ali m'dziko langa.BASF's Guangdong (Zhanjiang) maziko ophatikizika ndi ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yogulitsa kunja kwa BASF mpaka pano.Malinga ndi kuwululidwa kwa EIA, ndalama zonse za polojekitiyi ndi pafupifupi 55.362 biliyoni ya yuan, pomwe ndalama zomanga ndi 50.98 biliyoni.Ntchitoyi ikuyembekezeka kuyamba ntchito yomanga m'gawo loyamba la 2022, ndipo idzamalizidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito m'gawo lachitatu la 2025, ndipo nthawi yonse yomanga imakhala pafupifupi miyezi 42.Ntchitoyi ikamalizidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito, ndalama zogwirira ntchito pachaka zidzakhala 23.42 biliyoni, phindu la pachaka lidzakhala yuan biliyoni 5.24, ndipo phindu la pachaka lidzakhala yuan biliyoni 3.93.Zikuyembekezeka kuti chaka chokhazikika cha polojekitiyi chidzapereka ndalama zokwana 9.62 biliyoni zamtengo wowonjezera wamakampani chaka chilichonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-23-2022